3G, short for 3rd Generation, is a term used to represent the 3rd generation of mobile telecommunications technology. This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, Fixed Wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G,
indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless
network. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000
technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data
transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required
to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s).
However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the
minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases,
often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
The following standards are typically branded 3G:
- the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by GSM 2G
system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM
hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same
infrastructure:
- The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA.
- The TD-SCDMA radio interface was commercialised in 2009 and is only offered in China.
- The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.
- the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-95 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.
The above systems and radio interfaces are based on spread spectrum radio transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones and Mobile WiMAX
standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are
approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and
are based on completely different technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G
systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized
by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible
transmission technology. The first release of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution
(LTE) standard does not completely fulfill the ITU 4G requirements
called IMT-Advanced. First release LTE is not backwards compatible with
3G, but is a pre-4G or 3.9G technology, however sometimes branded "4G" by the service providers. Its evolution LTE Advanced is a 4G technology. WiMAX is another technology verging on or marketed as 4G.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Before Any Comment Please Follow Given Instruction:-
1. - Use ENGLISH language only
2. - Comment with given topic or related topic (You can post suggestions also.)
3. - Do not post any link(s) or URL(s). If you even post it, you need to give reason for it with it. If your reason is acceptable, your link(s) or URL(s) will remain safe(will not be processed for deletion).
If These Given Instructions Do Not Followed By You Then, Your Comment(s) Will Be Deleted As Soon As Possible.